The latest trade data from China indicate a noticeable change in the supply of the strategically important metals gallium and germanium.
According to the latest figures from Chinese customs authorities, Japan is currently receiving no shipments due to tightened export controls. Officially, the measures announced in early January target military end-uses. In practice, however, they amount to an effective export halt that could also affect Japan's high-tech industry. In 2025, Japan was the main recipient of Chinese gallium and also ranked among the key importers of germanium. Both metals are particularly important in semiconductor manufacturing and other key technologies.
Development of gallium exports in recent months
Development of germanium exports in recent months
Focus on a Fewer Countries
The flow of supplies has recently become highly concentrated. Germany was the sole recipient of gallium in January and February, receiving 6,000 and 5,000 kilograms, respectively. Overall, gallium exports remained above last year's levels.
By contrast, germanium exports fell sharply in January, totaling just 93 kilograms, about 95 per cent below the previous year. Shipments during this period went to Kazakhstan, South Korea, Turkey, and Taiwan. In February, exports recovered slightly to 736 kilograms, with the bulk of 600 kilograms going to Russia and smaller amounts to Thailand, South Korea, and Italy.
Dr Christian Hell, Senior Manager for Germanium and Minor Metals, comments: "Germanium exports continue to fluctuate strongly, while gallium shipments remained relatively stable at the start of the year. What stands out, however, is the significant shift in recipient countries: Japan is increasingly isolated from these raw materials due to China's export controls. The country received neither gallium nor germanium, cutting it off from the supply chain after being one of the main buyers in 2025. Japan's high-tech industry still depends on these metals, so the country is likely to pursue alternative supply chains and partnerships. Other key recipients, such as Germany and Russia, continue to receive supplies relatively reliably."
Export Restrictions Have Been in Place Since 2023
China first introduced export controls for gallium and germanium in 2023, citing potential military applications. Since then, trade volumes have fluctuated markedly. Actual deliveries now depend increasingly on export approvals and the political relations with each recipient country.
